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Resistance Is Futile: How Broadcast and Cable Are Embracing IP

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While broadcasters are a long way from junking their digital terrestrial antennas, 有线电视网络, 还有应答器空间, 他们正在拥抱互联网来接触消费者. BT TV’s move to launch a 4K channel is predicated on its entrenched broadband infrastructure. HBO决定冒险切断与有线电视的既定联系,推出HBO Now,这是传统媒体提供OTT服务浪潮的一部分. U.K. 卫星付费电视巨头天空电视台也是如此. 它运营着非合同视频点播服务NOW TV和移动服务Sky Go,并使用Elemental软件提供这些服务.

“OTT is mainstream, no question,” Joe Inzerillo, CTO of 美国职业棒球大联盟高级媒体 (MLBAM或BAM),为HBO的流媒体服务提供动力. BAM is being spun-off from Major League Baseball in order to take on more OTT contracts.

广播公司正朝着与全球规模竞争的方向发展, 当地达到, 以及亚马逊Prime的快速响应, 网飞公司, 和Hulu. 向IP和软件定义视频(SDV)基础设施的过渡,最终将使他们从实体企业转变为基于云的内容供应商.

英国广播公司 首席技术官马修·波斯特盖特(Matthew Postgate)负责从根本上改变公司的结构,使其成为一个“数据传送者”,“不是广播员。.

“数字优先是指在一家数据驱动型公司工作的感觉,这家公司在内容方面与网飞公司或亚马逊竞争,邮政总局说. “It’s about swapping out the network across all of our bureau to be more IP-centered. 这是关于引进更多的商品It设备. All the time we are driving down cost and giving editorial more options.”

新的效率和机会

将运营流程外包给私有数据中心不仅为广播公司节省了资本支出和房地产成本, but the strategic ability to flex up or down to launch new ventures, respond to short-term demand spikes with pop-up channels (e.g., around major sporting events), and change aspects of channels in real time. The goal is to spin up a channel in hours, not months, as is currently the case.

处理, 存储, 网络基础设施是集中的百家乐软件,而不是专用的独立基础设施, 软件即服务(SaaS)模型提供了规模经济,并用自动化取代了手动工作流.

Virtualization removes the geographic dependencies that have previously limited video playout. 不再依赖成本高昂的卫星带宽, 广播公司可以实现区域化, 本地化, 甚至是频道内容的超本地化. 而基于互联网的媒体组织则有难以置信的机会在节目中注入有针对性的广告, 这还不是广播的情况. 这可能会随着IP而改变.

Instead of storing assets on-prem in proprietary tape archives, 一种基于云的方法使广播公司能够根据需要改变内容,并更有效地对其进行重新格式化,以竞争视频点播和多屏幕传输.

Current versioning workflows can involve multiple organizations, 位于世界不同的地方. A software-defined network located in the cloud unites these processes and links ad sales, 调度, 交通管理, and video servers into a single workflow accessed from desktop browsers.

这一愿景已经酝酿了十多年. Nonlinear editing packages were untethered from turnkey computing hardware in the late ‘90s. 第一个基于文件(XDCAM)的摄像机于2003年问世. 随着基于文件的工作流的扩散,从磁带到基于服务器的系统的迁移仍在继续,而基于文件的工作流现在已经涵盖了生产的各个方面.

游戏玩法正在成为游戏等式的一部分. 塔塔通信 刚刚推出了一项基于云的全球播放服务,使用的是个人玩具用品箱技术公司名为CloudAir的全新纯软件系统. Its design includes the array of traditional on-prem-based hardware functions (ingest, 源转换, 质量控制, 老妈, 生产, 后期制作, 字幕, 调度, 并且可以在自动模式下操作,可以随时根据最新消息选择更改计划或实时插入.

“自从从基于磁带的内容管理和播放过渡到基于文件的内容管理和播放以来,CloudAir平台是广播领域最令人兴奋的新发展之一,唐·阿什说, 管理合伙人 个人玩具用品箱技术. “这是一个真正的游戏规则改变者, with the potential to empower literally thousands of new program streams, 很快, 很容易, 而且非常实惠.”

IP for transporting and contributing live video is well-established among broadcasters. 与昂贵的外部广播设备相比,新闻部门越来越多地使用IP从更多的地方传送新闻.

在美国期间.K.英国五月的大选, 天空新闻声称,他们通过LiveU的云向网络提供了138个来自不同选区的实时直播,创下了吉尼斯世界纪录. (Bear in mind there are 650 parliamentary constituencies, so there’s some way to go.)

英国广播公司也在加大对IP的使用,为格拉斯顿伯里音乐节(Glastonbury Festival)等现场活动提供新闻报道, 增加可用覆盖率. So IP has been part of the media value chain for some time, 但没有在端到端工作流中实现.

“只要执行和管理得当, 用于媒体分发的IP技术符合广播行业所要求的质量和延迟标准,” 尼古拉斯Bourdan公司营销高级副总裁 电动汽车该公司生产用于实时生产的服务器. “早期采用者喜欢体育领域的人, with the financial means and the need for ultra-fast and responsive live remote 生产, 是在为别人铺路吗. 但全ip工作流程还需要几年的时间. It’s just not practical at this point for most broadcasters.”

收养的障碍

这有很多原因, including doubts about the triple-9s reliability of signals sent over IP, 供应商系统之间缺乏互操作性, and a reluctance to invest until standards for 4K over IP are settled. Many broadcasters have only just migrated to file from tape, 而且还没有足够的资金来进行另一次飞跃. Some argue that the biggest source of inertia is the cultural impact of change.

There’s a general feeling that IP technologies need to mature, 或者某些领域比其他领域更成熟. In the former camp are live 生产 workflows from studios or venues, which is solidly based on coaxial copper cables and serial digital interface, 虽然重量级的广播套件供应商, 比如索尼和格拉斯谷, 正在发射摄像机, 视觉混频器(切换器), and routers with IP connectors to future-proof investment.

The heart of the matter is whether trust in the deterministic, virtually foolproof signal integrity of SDI can be matched by IP. Will resolutions, frame rates, and audio be synchronized all of the time? And how is control over IP to be managed and monitored by broadcast engineers unschooled in IT?

“IP网络从来就不是为视频设计的,”facebook战略产品经理亚历山大•桑德斯特伦(Alexander Sandstrom)表示 净的洞察力. “脆, 视频的时间敏感特性不能很好地与ip的久经考验但有损的特性相匹配,在像互联网这样的共享和非管理网络上更是如此. 互联网的各种延迟和不断的数据包丢失对每一个无保护的视频流都造成了严重破坏.”

现场制作充满了即时的变化——一个最新的突发新闻故事通过卫星实时链接, 例如, 或者是在田径比赛中更换摄像机. The risk of on-air black holes or a missing commercial makes for cautious adoption.

取决于你相信哪个供应商, 实时IP交换要么还不可能, 或者已经发生了. Snell高级媒体 (前身为Quantel Snell)对此持保留态度. “The control systems don’t [yet] exist,” head of product marketing 蒂姆·费尔斯特德. “Where SDI routers were very reliable with straightforward verification of what was happening, 知识产权制度更加不透明. 这会导致缺乏自信.”

想象通信 管理, 另一方面, 肯定地说,并指出可能是目前世界上最引人注目的IP广播参考网站, 迪斯尼-美国广播公司, 而这恰好是基于Imagine的产品.

“迪士尼展示了在云端虚拟化部分或全部网络可以给这个行业带来的无限可能性,Imagine的CEO说。 查理·沃格特. “很多人没有意识到迪士尼ABC正在为现场线性节目进行虚拟化播放和自动化.” Disney is not, however, producing live event coverage over IP.

其他从现场到工作室(虽然不一定是从摄像机到移动设备)制作体育直播的先行者包括Pac-12 Networks, 它使用T-VIPS和Nevion链路将对讲和遥测技术传输到2500公里外的体育场馆, 以及ESPN的数字中心, which opened November 2014 built around a J2000-based Evertz router.

“关键是要按照(广播公司)自己的节奏迁移到IP,并确保他们有能力在SDI-IP混合基础设施中发展,沃格特说. “许多公司在基带和SDI方面进行了巨额投资. We need to help them to migrate to enable their new business models.”

Imagine’s key technology is the Magellan SDN Orchestrator, which provides control of all the company’s hybrid IP and baseband products. “混合架构的整体概念是让所有东西看起来和感觉都像路由器,因为操作员需要走到控制界面,做他们日常业务中需要做的一切,产品经理保罗·格林说. “They need to select the destination and the source and activate the file. 无论是在IP还是基带域,无论是高清还是超高清,控制系统都将原始功能从底层技术中抽象出来,使其非常熟悉.”

互操作性是关键

This speaks to the element of change 管理 that may be making some broadcasters risk-averse. 首席技术官们对拆除一个可用的SDI基础设施并用一种需要新专业知识的技术来取代它持谨慎态度.

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